Global Hydrologists

  The islands of Bermuda are a scientific mystery. Not because of the   notorious Bermuda Triangle   nearby, but because they're perched atop a swollen mass of the Earth's crust that technically shouldn't be there, at least not according to traditional theories. Now, two seismologists, William Frazer of Carnegie Science and Jeffrey Park from Yale University, have come up with an explanation. Geologists have long puzzled over Bermuda's existence: The Bermuda archipelago is made up of 181 islands, the outcroppings of a shallow mantle layer formed by a volcano around  33 million years ago . Usually, volcanic island chains like this ( Hawaii, for instance ) feature a series of volcanoes of consecutive ages, some current volcanic activity, and a  deep-rooted mantle plume . Visit Our Website : hydrologists.net Nomination link : hydrologists.net/award-nomination/... Contact us :contact@hydrologists.net Get Connected Here: ====================== Twitter : x.com/awards74...

   The ozone layer that protects human and animal health from the sun’s harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation continues to be on track for recovery in the coming decades, according to the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) in its latest  report  released this week. In 2024, the ozone hole was smaller when compared to the previous years. This was partly due to the natural year-on-year fluctuations and partly due to the success of policies put into place to aid the recovery of the ozone layer. “Forty years ago, nations came together to take the first step in protecting the ozone layer — guided by science, united in action,” said United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres. “The Vienna Convention and its Montreal Protocol became a landmark of multilateral success. Today, the ozone layer is healing. This achievement reminds us that when nations heed the warnings of science, progress is possible,” he said. In another  report  also released this week...

Sunlight is nature’s most efficient tool for evaporating water. A recent study from North Carolina State University reveals that the key lies not in heat, but in the oscillating electric field that light carries. This field interacts with water molecules in a unique way, helping them escape into the air faster than when heated by conventional  sources . Study lead author Saqlain Raza, a PhD student at  NC State , noted that it’s well established that the sun is exceptionally good at causing water to evaporate – more efficient than heating water on the stove, for instance. “However, it has not been clear exactly why. Our work highlights the role that electric fields play in this process,” said Raza. The researchers simulated water evaporation using molecular dynamics. These simulations allowed them to pinpoint how sunlight’s electric field speeds up the evaporation process by acting on clusters of water molecules at the surface. The team compared evaporation from pure water and...

  Integral modelling of turbulent buoyant plumes is crucial for rapid predictions of plume characteristics. While the governing equations are typically derived using self-similarity and a Boussinesq approximation, these assumptions may not hold for plumes originating from finite-area sources with large density ratios. This work evaluates the accuracy of integral-scale models for non-Boussinesq lazy plumes using high-fidelity numerical simulations of turbulent helium plumes. We analyse the plume kinematics by computing vertical fluxes, plume radius and radial profiles, establishing some disparities between common practice and physical accuracy. We identify how the definition of the plume radius changes the perception of the plume structure when the flow is not self-similar and derive a relationship between the flux-based and threshold-based definitions without requiring self-similarity. We then examine the plume dynamics by evaluating the source terms from the governing plume equati...